Communications

We get many questions from those that are just starting to plan their emergency communications.  Most are simply looking for a way to keep in touch with each other when one or more are out of sight but still nearby. Many that want or need to use 2-way radios don’t have the desire to get an Amateur Radio License. And, fortunately, communicating nearby or across town doesn’t require a ham license! Whatever your specific needs may be, you need to know your options and what you can realistically expect. “Range” is the probably the most asked question. And the simple answer is that a radios “range” is dependent on terrain. A radio can “talk” further on flat deserted land than it can in a valley or in a city. Keep in mind that these are strictly for close-range communications and there is really no reliable alternative for long range communications without obtaining an Amateur Radio license. Additionally, since these are considered “Citizen’s Bands” the odds are good that you and your group will not be the only ones using them. Below is a summary of the most common alternatives to HAM radios along with realistic distances.

1. Citizens Band Radios (CB):

CB radios are most likely to be the least expensive option for a group to set-up and use. CB radios and accessories are very common and can be found at truck stops and garage sales. FCC regulations:

• No license required.
• 40 specific frequencies between 26.900 and 27.400 MHz.
• 4 watts maximum output.
• Base, mobile and handheld stations allowed.
• Amplifiers not allowed.
• Repeaters not allowed
• Side Band OK
• Realistic range up to 10 miles with an elevated antenna

2. FRS (Family Radio Service)

This service is limited to 1/2 watt output. It uses frequencies in the UHF band near 462 MHz. There used to be several brands of radios that were FRS only. Nowadays, it’s hard to find an FRS-only radio. They are GMRS radios that share some of their frequencies with FRS and automatically reduce power when using an FRS frequency (or channel). All FRS radios are handheld. FCC regulations:

• No license required.
• 1/2 watt maximum
• External antennas not allowed
• Amplifiers not allowed
• Repeaters not allowed
• Realistic range up to 1/2 mile.

3) GMRS General Mobile Radio Service

This service picks up where FRS leaves off. GMRS uses UHF frequencies near 462 MHz and 467 MHz There are 2 classes of GMRS radio: a) Consumer grade handhelds like Midland, Uniden and Cobra. Most of these radios exaggerate their range and power. Typically, the best consumer radio is actually pushing about 3 watts and has a realistic range of about 2 miles in most environments. b) Commercial grade equipment from Vertex or Icom etc. This equipment is built using the same quality chassis as ham and public service equipment. Very good range, depending on the equipment and terrain. FCC regs:

• A “No Test” license is required. ($80 for 5 years)
• Up to 50 watts allowed
• External antenna OK
• Base, mobile or handheld OK
• Repeater OK on specific frequencies

4) MURS Multi-Use Radio Service

This is a low-power service that uses 5 specific frequencies in the VHF band near 150 MHz. It is extremely popular due to the no-license feature, and inexpensive radios. FCC regs:

• No license required.
• 2 watts maximum
• External antenna OK
• Handheld, mobile or base station OK
• No repeaters
• Realistic range: 1 mile with handhelds, 5-8 miles with an elevated antenna.

The FCC regulations shown above are to be used as a general guideline so it’s best to research before you buy. There have been several changes made concerning radio equipment performance in the last decade, so stay away from older radios and radios that have been modified. Don’t just buy a radio and put it on the shelf, there’s more to it than that. It’s best to check and use your “system” as often as possible to be sure it will function when it’s really needed. Monthly practice drills are ideal, especially with base radios. You’ll be able to find any weather related problems. It may be tempting to purchase a radio system that is illegally modified or intended to be used by a licensed user or business. But realistically, there’s no way to practice with that type of equipment since:

• You’re not licensed to use it.
• You may be seriously interrupting lawful communications every time you key the microphone.
• You WILL get a fine when they find out where the interference is coming from.

Remember, no matter what types of 2-way communications you choose, there’s always room for a basic survival radio to get the weather, scanners, and news updates. 

My wife and I use two way radios to communicate whenever we take two vehicles to travel anywhere. By doing so, we always know when one of us has to stop for something to drink, eat, go to the bathroom, get gas or just stretch our legs. If one of us had a problem of any type, we could communicate the problem to the other quickly and effortlessly. If one of us gets out of sight of the other in heavy traffic, we just had to radio the other to stay in touch. Radios worked very well for us.

At first, we both had standard Citizen Band (C.B.) radios mounted in each of our vehicles on removable bases. We had magnetic antennas on the top of each vehicle. This allowed us to take our radio antennas off of our vehicles so we could run the vehicles through an automated car wash. When we pulled into a motel parking lot for the night, we took the magnetic based C. B. antennas of the tops of our vehicles and removed the C. B. radios from inside of our vehicles; this made our vehicles less of a target for car burglars.

We found several major problems with our C. B. radios during and in the weeks after Hurricane Katrina hit southeast Louisiana.

First, there were major problems with too many people trying to transmit on all of the C. B. radio channels at the same time. We could not get a chance to transmit anything, no matter what channel we attempted to transmit on. Everyone wanted to talk at the same time. No one wanted to yield to anyone, even if an emergency was declared.

Second, the vulgarity used on the C. B. radios was unbelievable.

Third, when we left our vehicles, we could not take our vehicle C. B. radio with us. Yes, I know that they make hand held C. B. radios. If we decided to use the hand held C. B. radios, we still would have had the above listed problems with them.

I then got my “HAM” radio license. When I looked into purchasing my own “Ham” radios and the associated equipment, I found the cost to be prohibitive. At least it was a lot more than what I was willing to pay on a retirees fixed income.

We also had problems with our cell phones during evacuations. All of the lines were busy during the evacuation or we could not get a cell tower signal because the electricity was out. Also, using cell phones, you must take your eyes off of the road to dial the phone number. This is extremely dangerous in the very heavy traffic of an evacuation.

Both my wife and I enjoy going to flea markets and garage sales on Saturdays mornings. We find fantastic deals on camping gear and a whole lot of other items we use for prepping. Flea markets and garage sales are a topic for another article.

While at a garage sale, I observed two small, about the size of an adult fist, two way radios. They were yellow, “Motorola, Talkabout” Two-Way, GMRS/FRS channel radios, model number T5990.

I inspected both radios carefully. They appeared to have been well kept. I opened the backs of both radios and observed they both had rechargeable batteries in them. On the table next to the two radios was the battery charger for the radios. I asked the lady how much she wanted for both radios and the charger.

She told me she wanted $3.00 for the two radios and the charger. I quickly paid her the $3.00 and took them. Even if they did not work, I would only be out $3.00.

When I got home, I placed the two hand held radios in the charger. About eight (8) hours later I turned the radios on. Neither one of the radio batteries took a charge.

I removed the rechargeable battery packs and replaced them with three (3) AA batteries. When I turned the radios on, they both worked perfectly.

I went on the internet, located and printed out the operations manual for the two way radios and read all about them. To my surprise each radio had twenty-two (22) channels. Fifteen (15) channels transmit with one (1) watt of power and seven (7) channels transmit with one half (1/2) watt. In addition to the radio channels, each radio had ninety-nine (99) Interference Eliminator Codes.

To my surprise both radios could receive the weather channels also.

While in my local Walmart one day, I observed the “Motorola Talkabout, model T5950 radios for sale. They came in a blister pack with two radios, two reachable batteries and a charger. Wally World was selling them for $68.00 new.

My wife and I then started testing these little radios. To our surprise we could easily transmit and receive a mile with no problem within the city that we live in.

We then tested the radios on the interstate from and to each of our vehicles. They worked great. The real test came during our Hurricane Gustav evacuation. With all of the problems that we had with the C. B. radios; we did not have any problems with these little two way radios.

Since then, we continue to go to garage sales and flea markets. I have found a pair of “Cobra, micro Talk” radios. I purchased the pair for $5.00.  I also found a single “Motorola, Talkabout, model T5710”, which I purchased for $2.00. All of these radios are compatible with the first two that I purchased. When tested, these two way radios worked flawlessly also. I found the manuals for these radios on the internet also.

I easily attached a length of para cord (550 cord) to the back of three of these radios. (See Photo # 2 & 3 above) We place the para cord around our neck and the radio in our shirt pocket. This way while we are driving the radios do not slide around in the vehicle and you can locate them easily when someone calls you or you need to call someone. Another advantage is that you can easily hear when someone calls you.

When we go camping with our grandsons, everyone carries their own two way radio. This way we are able to talk to anyone in our camping party at any time that we need to. We have also used them very successively at Disney World in Florida and on other vacations that we have taken.

They make even more powerful two way radios than the ones that I have but they cost a little more. I have seen them for sale at Cabala’s, Wal-Mart, Sam’s Club and Costco. I am sure you can find them at other locations also. However, garage sales and flea markets are my preferences.

These little radios work great for us and you cannot beat the price we bought them for.

(In addition to 2-way radios, a bare bones but solid “survival radio” is a good idea to incorporate in your preps–something that can run on batteries forever, give you the news, weather, and other updates). 

When you’re miles away from civilization and power, or simply living a minimalist off-grid life, a survival radio can be an indispensable piece of equipment. Not only will they keep you apprised of atmospheric conditions and weather emergencies, but they also feature an array of other functions and features. These definitely aren’t your dad’s old hand-crank radio!

These portable powerhouses will keep you safe and informed, but what makes each one special? What makes one stand out over the others, and at what cost?

The Short Answer

In a hurry? Here’s our pick for the best combination of features, functionality, quality, and value:

The FosPower Emergency Radio

One of the main criteria to make this list was the ability to charge or power the radio in several ways. The last thing you need in the bush is a dead battery because, at that point, it’s just dead weight. The FosPower radio can run and charge devices from conventional AAA batteries, but it can also charge the internal battery from the built-in solar panel, the hand crank dynamo, and from a Micro USB source.

The FosPower Emergency Radio had the standard AM/FM receiver so that you can enjoy some audio enrichment during your time in the wilderness. It also has a powerful 1W LED flashlight and handy reading light if you need more diffused light for a small area. The respectable 2000mAh internal power bank will help keep devices like your smartphone and your GoPro charged up and ready for adventure.

Additionally, it has the ability to receive NOAA stations and emergency alerts. This can be crucial if you are in a wilderness area prone to powerful storms, flash floods, or even natural disasters like tornadoes, hurricanes, or earthquakes. Having even a few minutes advance notice can literally save your life. If the worst happens, and you need help, it features an SOS alarm to act as a beacon should you need to notify others of your position and situation.

With the nearly perfect blend of necessities and extra features, stuffed in a compact and rugged housing, and available for less than $40, the FosPower Emergency Radio is our pick for the overall best pick.

Other Great Survival Radios

Kaito KA500

The Kaito KA500 is packed with features that other models don’t have, but it also weighs nearly a half-pound more than any other unit and has a higher price point. Not only does it have the usual AM/FM and NOAA support, but this radio also has a dual-range shortwave radio receiver as well. The radio reception is assisted by another feature that other radios don’t have, which is a signal strength meter and advanced reception circuitry. Once tuned in, be even more economical with your battery by using the built-in headphone jack for private listening.

The internal NiMH battery can be charged via the solar panel, hand crank dynamo, Mini USB or AC/DC adapter. The radio can also be powered by 3 AA disposable batteries. Once powered up, you will be able to listen to the radio, receive NOAA and PEAS emergency alerts, or use the built-in flashlight or reading lamp, or charge your devices from the 5V USB output. In an emergency situation, the red LED SOS light can be used to signal for help.

Midland ER310

The Midland ER310 sets itself apart from the pack with a couple of unique features. Once you have used the hand crank, solar panel, or USB charger to charge it fully, you will have up to 32 hours of radio operation. The digital tuner makes it easy to find your favorite station, or tune in clearly to local broadcasts. If you need any of the preprogrammed weather bands, it will automatically lock on to the strongest signal based on your location. If you are unable to charge it with renewable sources, it can also accept 6 AA batteries, although they will significantly increase its weight.

If you end up needing the SOS beacon, the super bright CREE LED has a strobe function that is highly visible and has adjustable brightness, and the built-in ultrasonic dog whistle can help to guide search and rescue to your location. An absolutely invaluable tool in areas prone to earthquakes, where you may find yourself trapped and unable to otherwise signal your location. The 2600mAh lithium battery helps extend the life of your digital devices such as smartphones, another key element, and possible lifeline.

American Red Cross Emergency NOAA Weather Radio

The American Red Cross Emergency NOAA Weather Radio has a unique shape that guards the volume and tuning knobs from being bumped or accidentally changed. Not only does it come with a respectable 2600mAh lithium-ion battery, but that battery can be charged quickly with the ergonomic and low-effort hand crank, and maintained with the built-in solar panel. The included AC charger offers the quickest charging if you have access to an AC source.

The east to read LCD readout indicates the current power source, the digitally tuned station, and the battery level. The battery pack can reliably power up your digital devices, and the bright but efficient LED flashlight helps significantly in low light situations. The beacon function is comprised of a single red LED.

RunningSnail Emergency NOAA Portable Radio

The RunningSnail Emergency NOAA Portable Radio packs a surprising amount of power and features into a very modest package. While it can be powered with 3 AAA disposable batteries, you will probably never need to, considering the massive 4000mAh internal power bank it contains. Before you may need to use it, just make sure the battery is topped off via hand crank, solar panel, or Micro USB charging cord, and have hours upon hours of radio time, SOS alarm, reading light, or flashlight use.

In addition to the usual AM/FM/NOAA radio receiver, this unit has an AUX input, so not only can it keep your phone, tablet, or other digital device charged up, but simply connect an AUX cord and have access to your entire digital music collection. AUX input is something none of the other models provide and could be a crucial feature to those who may find themselves using this on more than just an emergency or a periodic basis. The giant LCD display shows detailed battery levels, current power source, and digital volume and tuner information.

RunningSnail Emergency Self Powered Weather Radio

An excellent budget entry, the RunningSnail Emergency Self Powered Weather Radio has all the standard features, with none of the fluff or extras, and is available for less than twenty dollars. The modest 1000mAh internal power bank can be filled by the hand crank, solar panel, or Micro USB cable. At a brisk 2-3 revolutions per second on the crank, this can be fully charged in 4 hours, much faster if charged via USB before it’s needed.

The analog tuner and volume control can effectively tune into any AM, FM, or NOAA station for continuous listening or receiving alerts. The powerful 1 watt LED flashlight will easily light your way, and the automatically-activated reading light will keep your campsite or tent gently illuminated for evening activities. In a pinch, the internal power bank can give your phone a boost, possibly helping make that crucial phone call in emergencies.

What To Look For In Your Survival Radio

The most important thing to keep in mind is battery capacity.

Battery capacity is going to closely align with your desired usage of the radio. If you plan on using it for periodically listening to the weather, or playing the radio fireside in the evenings, then anything with 1000mAh bank will work just fine.

If you plan on using a reading light for a while, listening to the radio or weather for longer periods or more frequently, or keeping digital devices like a phone, tablet, or camera charged and ready, then you will want at least a 2000mAh power bank. 

The 2nd factor to consider is the potential for emergency use.

If you are plan on using the radio for receiving emergency alerts, or possibly sending SOS signals in a help-needed situation, then make sure you pick a unit that has those functions, along with the largest battery bank possible. If you need to use an SOS, you won’t want it draining the battery before you have the chance to attract attention.

The 3rd point to pay attention to is your charging and power options.

All of the radios we’ve evaluated can be charged via built-in solar and hand crank, but some have additional ways to power them or fill the power bank. 

If you are going to be going from grid power to no power, then an option that fast charges from USB or AC power and has a disposable battery option might be just what you need to juice up before your getaway. If you generate your own power and are more frugal with its consumption, then having it slow charge via the built-in panel is low stress and a green way to fill that internal bank.

FAQs

What is the difference between lithium-ion and NiMH batteries?

  Lithium-ion batteries are a relatively newer technology, while NiMH batteries have been around for a long time. You have probably seen NiMH batteries in cordless home phones. They usually have a series of small cells that are bound together, and connect to the device with a small pigtail. Lithium batteries are similar in appearance but are far more effective in their duties. Lithium batteries can hold larger charges, have longer lifespans, and can discharge to a lower level without battery damage than NiMH cells.

 Are any of these radios waterproof?

Yes! All of the radios we’ve highlighted have at least a rating of IPX3 water resistance. This means they can be in running water of up to 10 liters per minute for 5 minutes. While they shouldn’t be submerged, they will stand up to being in heavy rain or storms.

How quickly can I charge these radios?

 Generally speaking, the hand crank dynamos can recharge approximately 250mAh per hour, when cranked at roughly 2-3 revolutions per second. The solar panels are going to be largely for maintenance charging and keeping the power bank full and will take at least 6-8 hours of direct sun to fill the internal battery. On units that have Micro USB or AC charging, a full charge can occur in just a couple of hours or less depending on battery capacity.

Do the SOS functions send any sort of radio signal?

 No. None of these radios are capable of broadcasting in the manner of an EPIRB, or emergency position indicating radio beacon, for example. The SOS functions are limited to an emergency flashing LED or an audible SOS alarm that can be heard from a significant distance in the wilderness.

 How much do these units weigh?

The weight will vary from model to model, but the units we evaluated ranged from a super lightweight 7.8 ounces for the RunningSnail Emergency Self Powered Weather Radio, to a still respectable and easily packed 1.4 pounds for the Kaito KA500. With every radio being under one and a half pounds, none of these units are going to add much to your pack or weigh you down.

What’s The Bottom Line?

When it comes down to it, our favorite is the FosPower Emergency Radio. However, it may or may not be exactly what you need. It is important to take into account your personal situation, and your personal needs and wants when making your decision.

You may prefer a larger battery bank, or perhaps digital tuning will be that one thing that really catches your eye. Reading our breakdown of the leading models will ensure you are prepared to make a well-informed decision on which survival radio is right for you.